新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, NRDS)是一种较为常见的新生儿疾病。过去认为NRDS通常发生于早期早产儿，但是近年来的临床研究中发现足月儿及晚期早产儿中也出现了较多呼吸窘迫征患儿。足月儿和晚期早产儿的病情相对于早期早产儿更为严重，发病因素及治疗较早期早产儿更为复杂。因此，只有深入了解足月儿和晚期早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的高危因素，才能从根本上预防该病，制定个性化治疗方案，从而获得更好的治疗效果，并降低患儿死亡率。

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a relatively common disease in newborns. In the past, NRDS was usually considered to occur in early preterm infants. However, the incidence of NRDS in term and late preterm infants is increasing in recent clinical researches. Compare with the full-term and late preterm infants, the condition of the early preterm neonates are more serious, and the pathogenic factors are more complex. Therefore, only further understand the high risk factors of NRDS in term and late preterm infants can prevent the disease fundamentally and make personalized treatment programs, which in order to achieve effective treatment outcome and reduce neonatal mortality.