| [1] |
Marsh EE, Wegienka G, Williams DR. Uterine fibroids[J]. JAMA，2024，331(17)：1492-1493.
|
| [2] |
冯烨，杨慧霞. 妊娠合并子宫肌瘤的诊疗新进展[J]. 中华妇产科杂志，2025，60(5)：399-402.
|
| [3] |
Parazzini F, Tozzi L, Bianchi S. Pregnancy outcome and uterine fibroids[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol，2016，34：74-84.
|
| [4] |
子宫肌瘤的诊治中国专家共识专家组. 子宫肌瘤的诊治中国专家共识[J]. 中华妇产科杂志，2017，52(12)：793-800.
|
| [5] |
中华医学会围产医学分会，中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组. 高龄妇女孕期管理专家共识[J]. 中华围产医学杂志，2024，27(6)：441-449.
|
| [6] |
胡丽娜，李金科．子宫肌瘤恶变的诊断与治疗[J]. 实用妇产科杂志，2007，23(12)：718-720.
|
| [7] |
Schwartz PE, Kelly MG. Malignant transformation of myomas: myth or reality？[J]. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am，2006，33(1)：183-198, xii.
|
| [8] |
Rotmensch J, Bosnyak S, Montag A. Malignant transition of uterine leiomyomata[J]. Int J Gynaecol Obstet，1993，42(1)：47-49.
|
| [9] |
Mittal K, Joutovsky A. Areas with benign morphologic and immunohistochemical features are associated with some uterine leiomyosarcomas[J]. Gynecol Oncol，2007，104(2)：362-365.
|
| [10] |
Mittal KR, Chen F, Wei JJ, et al. Molecular and immunohistochemical evidence for the origin of uterine leiomyosarcomas from associated leiomyoma and symplastic leiomyoma-like areas[J]. Mod Pathol，2009，22(10)：1303-1311.
|
| [11] |
Leibsohn S, d′Ablaing G, Mishell DR, et al. Leiomyosarcoma in a series of hysterectomies performed for presumed uterine leiomyomas[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol，1990，162(4)：968-974; discussion 974-976.
|
| [12] |
Eastwood-Wilshere N, Turner J, Oliveira N, et al. Metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma at 26 weeks gestation[J]. BMJ Case Rep，2019，12(8)：e230028.
|
| [13] |
Hand LC, Gimovsky AC, Chan JSY, et al. Incidental leiomyosarcoma found at the time of cesarean hysterectomy for morbidly adherent placenta[J]. Gynecol Oncol Rep，2017，20：127-130.
|
| [14] |
Bodner-Adler B, Lozano P, Bodner K, et al. Primary uterine leiomyosarcoma and primary atypical meningioma diagnosed during pregnancy[J]. Anticancer Res，2008，28(5B)：3083-3085.
|
| [15] |
Gojnic M, Likic I, Pervulov M, et al. The significance of Doppler flow in early detection of uterine sarcoma in older primigravida pregnancies[J]. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol，2005，26(3)：291-293.
|
| [16] |
Bekkers RL, Massuger LF, Berg PP, et al. Uterine malignant leiomyoblastoma (epithelioid leiomyosarcoma) during pregnancy[J]. Gynecol Oncol，1999，72(3)：433-436.
|
| [17] |
Lau TK, Wong WS. Uterine leiomyosarcoma associated with pregnancy: report of two cases[J]. Gynecol Oncol，1994，53(2)：245-247.
|
| [18] |
King TM, Atienza MF, Burkman RT. The incidence of abdominal surgical procedures in a population undergoing abortion[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol，1980，137(5)：530-533.
|
| [19] |
Younis JS, Okon E, Anteby SO. Uterine leiomyosarcoma in pregnancy[J]. Arch Gynecol Obstet，1990，247(3)：155-160.
|
| [20] |
Kyodo Y, Inatomi K, Abe T. Sarcoma associated with pregnancy[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol，1989，161(1)：94-96.
|
| [21] |
Wolfe SA, Seckinger D. Sarcoma of the uterus associated with pregnancy[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol，1969，104(8)：1215-1216.
|
| [22] |
高俊臣. 子宫平滑肌肉瘤合并妊娠1例报道[J].肿瘤，1983(1)：30.
|
| [23] |
古雅丽，杨广英. 子宫平滑肌肉瘤合并妊娠1例[J]. 河南肿瘤学杂志，1993，(2)：96.
|
| [24] |
杨莹超，李小平，王世军，等．妊娠合并Ⅳ期子宫肉瘤一例[J]. 中华妇产科杂志，2014，49(9)：705.
|
| [25] |
周晶文，杨艳秋．单角子宫足月妊娠合并子宫肌瘤肉瘤变性1例报告[J]. 吉林医学，2006，27(1)：44, 46.
|
| [26] |
Skorstad M, Kent A, Lieng M. Preoperative evaluation in women with uterine leiomyosarcoma. A nationwide cohort study[J]. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand，2016，95(11)：1228-1234.
|
| [27] |
D′Angelo E, Prat J. Uterine sarcomas: a review[J]. Gynecol Oncol，2010，116(1)：131-139.
|
| [28] |
Luigi GD, D′Alfonso A, Patacchiola F, et al. Leiomyosarcoma: a rare malignant transformation of a uterine leiomyoma[J]. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol，2015，36(1)：84-87.
|
| [29] |
郝敏，赵卫红，王文静. 子宫肌瘤肉瘤变特点及其相关问题[J]. 中国实用妇科与产科杂志，2012，28(12)：892-895.
|
| [30] |
Matsuo K, Eno ML, Im DD, et al. Pregnancy and genital sarcoma: a systematic review of the literature[J]. Am J Perinatol，2009，26(7)：507-518.
|
| [31] |
孔宪超，宋铁芳. 影像学检查在妊娠合并妇科肿瘤诊断中的应用[J]. 中国实用妇科与产科杂志，2018，34(10)：1098-1102.
|
| [32] |
Sun S, Bonaffini PA, Nougaret S, et al. How to differentiate uterine leiomyosarcoma from leiomyoma with imaging[J]. Diagn Interv Imaging，2019，100(10)：619-634.
|
| [33] |
Exacoustos C, Romanini ME, Amadio A, et al. Can gray-scale and color Doppler sonography differentiate between uterine leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma？[J]. J Clin Ultrasound，2007，35(8)：449-457.
|
| [34] |
Ray JG, Vermeulen MJ, Bharatha A, et al. Association between MRI exposure during pregnancy and fetal and childhood outcomes[J]. JAMA，2016，316(9)：952-961.
|
| [35] |
Lin Y, Wu R, Huang Y, et al. Uterine fibroid-like tumors: spectrum of MR imaging findings and their differential diagnosis[J]. Abdom Radiol (NY)，2022，47(6)：2197-2208.
|
| [36] |
Ando T, Kato H, Furui T, et al. Uterine smooth muscle tumours with hyperintense area on T1 weighted images: differentiation between leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas[J]. Br J Radiol，2018，91(1084)：20170767.
|
| [37] |
Virarkar M, Diab R, Palmquist S, et al. Diagnostic performance of MRI to differentiate uterine leiomyosarcoma from benign leiomyoma: a meta-analysis[J]. J Belg Soc Radiol，2020，104(1)：69.
|
| [38] |
DeMulder D, Ascher SM. Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: can MRI differentiate leiomyosarcoma from benign leiomyoma before treatment？[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol，2018，211(6)：1405-1415.
|
| [39] |
Gaetke-Udager K, McLean K, Sciallis AP, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, contrast-enhanced CT, and conventional MRI for differentiating leiomyoma from leiomyosarcoma[J]. Acad Radiol，2016，23(10)：1290-1297.
|
| [40] |
Sato K, Yuasa N, Fujita M, et al. Clinical application of diffusion-weighted imaging for preoperative differentiation between uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol，2014，210(4)：368.e1-368.e8.
|
| [41] |
杨子馨，郑莹. 子宫肌瘤恶变的无创性诊断方法[J]. 实用妇产科杂志，2024，40(2)：96-99.
|
| [42] |
Woo S, Beier SR, Tong A, et al. Utility of ADC values for differentiating uterine sarcomas from leiomyomas: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol，2024，223(3)：e2431280.
|
| [43] |
Maryam F, Chameli S, Mustafa G. Challenges in diagnosing uterine leiomyosarcoma in pregnancy: a case report and lessons learned[J]. Cureus，2025，17(10)：e94530.
|
| [44] |
Taliento C, De Bruyn C, Ceusters J, et al. Circulating biomarkers for the preoperative diagnosis of uterine sarcoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Maturitas，2025，199：108634.
|
| [45] |
Makkonen M, Penttilä IM, Castrén O. Serum lactic acid dehydrogenase and isoenzymes during pregnancy and labor[J]. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand，1980，59(2)：97-102.
|
| [46] |
中国抗癌协会妇科肿瘤专业委员会．子宫肉瘤诊断与治疗指南(2021年版)[J].中国癌症杂志，2021，31(6)：513-519.
|
| [47] |
杨如玉，韦雅婧，梁炎春. 子宫平滑肌肉瘤的治疗策略和方法[J].实用妇产科杂志，2024，40(2)：99-102.
|
| [48] |
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology-uterine neoplasms[EB/OL]. (2025-09-27)[2025-10-18].
URL
|
| [49] |
中华医学会妇科肿瘤学分会. 中国妇科肿瘤临床实践指南(2024版)[M]. 北京：科学技术文献出版社，2024：19-44.
|
| [50] |
Hensley ML, Wathen JK, Maki RG, et al. Adjuvant therapy for high-grade, uterus-limited leiomyosarcoma: results of a phase 2 trial (SARC 005)[J]. Cancer，2013，119(8)：1555-1561.
|
| [51] |
Ricci S, Giuntoli RL, Eisenhauer E, et al. Does adjuvant chemotherapy improve survival for women with early-stage uterine leiomyosarcoma？[J]. Gynecol Oncol，2013，131(3)：629-633.
|
| [52] |
Roque DR, Taylor KN, Palisoul M, et al. Gemcitabine and docetaxel compared with observation, radiation, or other chemotherapy regimens as adjuvant treatment for stage I-to-IV uterine leiomyosarcoma[J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer，2016，26(3)：505-511.
|
| [53] |
Desar IME, Ottevanger PB, Benson C, et al. Systemic treatment in adult uterine sarcomas[J]. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol，2018，122：10-20.
|
| [54] |
黎璞，生秀杰. 妊娠合并子宫颈癌的管理[J/OL]. 中华产科急救电子杂志，2024，13(4)：202-208.
|
| [55] |
Yang Q, Madueke-Laveaux OS, Cun H, et al. Comprehensive review of uterine leiomyosarcoma: pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy[J]. Cells，2024，13(13)：1106.
|
| [56] |
Roberts ME, Aynardi JT, Chu CS. Uterine leiomyosarcoma: a review of the literature and update on management options[J]. Gynecol Oncol，2018，151(3)：562-572.
|