Methods The clinical data of 224 non-therapeutic preterm birth patients, admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2012 to December 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the gestational age, research participants were divided into 4 groups: group A: 28-29+ 6 weeks (38 cases), group B: 30-31+ 6 weeks (32 cases), group C: 32-33+ 6 weeks (42 cases) and group D: 34-36+ 6 weeks (112 cases). The clinical data included risk factors, poor outcomes of mothers and newborns.
Results Common risk factors of the 224 patients included premature rupture of membranes (147 cases, 65.6%), adverse history of pregnancy and parity (128 cases, 57.1%), history of threatened premature labor (115 cases, 51.3%), in vitro fertilization and embryotransfer pregnancy (87 cases, 38.8%), irregular antenatal examination (53 cases, 23.7%), and twin pregnancy (25 cases, 11.2%). The total duration of labor in the 4 groups were (4.9±3.5) hours, (7.6±3.8) hours, (6.7±2.9) hours and (6.8±2.9) hours, respectively; there were significant differences between group A and the other 3 groups(Q=1.762, 2.719, 1.847, all P value<0.05). The rate of emergency labor in the 4 groups were 44.7% (17 cases), 9.4% (3 cases), 16.7% (7 cases), 14.3% (16 cases), respectively; there were significant differences between group A and the other 3 groups (Q=21.648, 8.207 and 9.783, all P value<0.05). The incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia in the 4 groups were 31.6% (12 cases), 12.5% (4 cases), 7.1% (3 cases) and 6.3% (7 cases), respectively; there were significant differences between group A and other 3 groups (Q=4.591, 15.345 and 10.834, all P value<0.05). One-minute Apgar score of the 4 groups were (7.7±3.2) score, (9.1±2.4) score, (9.4±1.2) score, (9.4±1.1) score, respectively; there were significant differences between group A and other 3 groups (Q=2.528, 3.281 and 2.562, all P value<0.05). The birth weights of the 4 groups were (1 555.9±470.9) g, (1 659.3±342.2) g, (1 990.8±306.5) g and (2 515.0±473.4) g, respectively; there were significance differences in the groups, all P value<0.05.
Conclusions Premature rupture of membrane was the most common risk factor of non-therapeutic preterm birth. For the preterm birth patients with gestational age from 28 to 29+ 6 weeks, we should pay attention to the management, in order to prevent adverse outcomes of the mothers and newborns.