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中华产科急救电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (01) : 37 -45. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3259.2025.01.008

论著

应用体外膜肺氧合生命支持治疗妊娠合并暴发性心肌炎一例并文献复习
卢晓芝1,2,3, 黄磊4, 樊尚荣1,3,()   
  1. 1. 汕头大学医学院, 518036 深圳
    2. 广东汕头 515041; 揭阳市人民医院产科
    3. 汕头大学妇产科, 518036 深圳
    4. 广东揭阳 522000; 北京大学深圳医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28 出版日期:2025-02-18
  • 通信作者: 樊尚荣
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82171676)

A case of ECMO life support treatment for pregnancy with fulminant myocarditis and literature review

Xiaozhi Lu1,2,3, Lei Huang4, Shangrong Fan1,3,()   

  1. 1. Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
    2. Department of Obstetrics of Jieyang People′s Hospital, Jieyang 522000, China
    3. Department of Obstetrics of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
    4. Department of Critical Care Medicine of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital
  • Received:2024-08-28 Published:2025-02-18
  • Corresponding author: Shangrong Fan
引用本文:

卢晓芝, 黄磊, 樊尚荣. 应用体外膜肺氧合生命支持治疗妊娠合并暴发性心肌炎一例并文献复习[J/OL]. 中华产科急救电子杂志, 2025, 14(01): 37-45.

Xiaozhi Lu, Lei Huang, Shangrong Fan. A case of ECMO life support treatment for pregnancy with fulminant myocarditis and literature review[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetric Emergency(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(01): 37-45.

目的

报道1 例妊娠合并暴发性心肌炎病例和复习文献,探讨妊娠合并暴发性心肌炎的识别、诊断、药物治疗及应用体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)生命支持治疗的临床管理原则。

方法

回顾性分析1 例应用ECMO 治疗妊娠合并暴发性心肌炎患者的临床资料,并进行文献复习。

结果

患者37 岁,妊娠31+3 周入院,确诊为暴发性心肌炎,接受了免疫调节、抗心衰、抗感染及ECMO 等治疗,期间发生死胎,后自然临产阴道排胎;ECMO 治疗第10 天心功能恢复良好,遂停用ECMO,1年后随诊无严重后遗症。 通过Pubmed、Embase 和中国知网数据库检索到3 例相关病例报告,包括本例在内共4 例。 分析4 例患者资料结果显示,患者起病孕周在22 ~31 周之间,其中2 例出现发热、咳嗽和呼吸短促等前驱症状;4 例患者起病后均迅速出现血流动力学紊乱,相关生物标志物和影像学检查亦均显示心肌炎特征;2 例患者进行了心肌活检,其中1 例病原体筛查阳性。 4 例患者在常规治疗无效情况下接受了ECMO 生命支持,其中1 例出现了ECMO 相关并发症。4 例患者治疗后病情好转并出院;其中2 例出现死胎,1 例出现新生儿癫痫性痉挛。

结论

妊娠合并暴发性心肌炎起病急骤,母儿病死率高,应尽早识别、明确诊断,尽快开展重症救治和对有指征患者应用ECMO 高级生命支持,实施产科与其他多学科联合管理,提高救治成功率。

Objective

To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of fulminant myocarditis in pregnancy.

Methods

The clinical data of a case of pregnancy complicated with fulminant myocarditis treated with ECMO life support in 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the literature was reviewed through Pubmed, Embase and CNKI databases.

Results

A 37-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis at 31 +3 weeks of gestation. The patient received immunoregulation, anti-heart failure,anti-infection and ECMO treatment.During this period,fetal death occurred,and spontaneous labor occurred through vaginal delivery.On the 10th day of ECMO use, the cardiac function recovered well and ECMO was discontinued. Three relevant case reports were retrieved. Four cases, including this one, were analyzed. The gestational age of onset ranged from 22 to 31 weeks, and 2 cases had obvious prodromal symptoms. Rapid hemodynamic disturbance was found after onset of myocarditis, and related biomarkers and imaging examinations showed the characteristics of myocarditis. Myocardial biopsy was performed in 2 cases to confirm the pathological diagnosis. One patient was positive in pathogen screening. Four patients received ECMO life support, and one of them developed ECMO-related complications. Four patients were improved after treatment and discharged from hospital. 2 cases of fetal death occurred, 1 case of neonatal epileptic spasm.

Conclusion

Fulminant myocarditis in pregnancy has rapid onset and high maternal and neonatal mortality. Early recognition, early diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management including intensive care, obstetric management and ECMO are the keys to successful treatment.

表1 本例患者8月19 日至9月13 日实验室指标检测情况
表2 本例患者8月19 日至9月9 日的心脏彩超、胸片检查和主要治疗
图1 本例妊娠合并暴发性心肌炎患者影像学图片 A:胸部X 光平片显示双肺多发散在炎症,心影大(箭头所示),双侧胸腔积液;B: CT检查显示双肺弥漫分布斑片及片状密度增高影(箭头所示);C:头颅磁共振成像检查显示双额顶叶部分脑沟及后纵裂异常信号,箭头示珠网膜下腔出血;D:CT 检查显示双侧肺野清晰,双肺纹理规则
表3 4 例患者的基本信息
表4 4 例患者实验室检查结果
表5 4 例患者的治疗及结局
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