2025 , Vol. 14 >Issue 02: 86 - 94
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3259.2025.02.005
妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎的临床研究
Copy editor: 郎素慧 , 周诗煜
收稿日期: 2024-09-12
网络出版日期: 2025-06-20
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2700703)
版权
Clinical research on hyper-triglyceridemic acute pancreatitis in pregnancy
Received date: 2024-09-12
Online published: 2025-06-20
Copyright
目的
总结分析妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎患者的临床特点、诊治过程和母儿结局,优化该疾病的妊娠期及围产期管理。
方法
回顾性分析2014年1月1日至2023年12月31日在中山大学附属第一医院住院治疗并分娩的8例妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料,总结其临床特点、治疗方法、妊娠结局和新生儿预后。
结果
8例患者中1例为双胎妊娠。8例均于妊娠中晚期起病,2例合并子痫前期,3例孕期发现血糖异常,2例合并凝血功能障碍,5例合并低钾血症;8例患者均剖宫产终止妊娠,其中6例转ICU治疗。9例新生儿中活产8例,死亡1例。
结论
妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎罕见但危重,病情进展快,严重可致母儿死亡,需要多学科团队进行确诊和管理。
李兆蕾 , 詹敏金 , 陈海天 . 妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎的临床研究[J]. 中华产科急救电子杂志, 2025 , 14(02) : 86 -94 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3259.2025.02.005
Objective
To analyze the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment methods,maternal-fetal outcomes in patients with hyper-triglyceridemic acute pancreatitis in pregnancy,and optimize the management of this disease during pregnancy and perinatal period.
Methods
The clinical data of 8 patients with hyper-triglyceridemic acute pancreatitis in pregnancy who were hospitalized and delivered in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 1,2014 to December 31,2023 were retrospectively collected.The clinical characteristics,treatment methods,pregnancy outcomes and neonatal prognosis were summarized.
Results
1 in 8 patients had a twin pregnancy.All 8 patients had onset during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.2 cases were complicated with pre-eclampsia,3 cases had abnormal blood glucose,2 cases were complicated with abnormal coagulation function,and 5 cases were complicated with hypokalemia.All underwent cesarean delivery,with 6 cases requiring ICU admission.Among 9 neonatal,8 survived and 1 died.
Conclusions
Hyper-triglyceridemic acute pancreatitis in pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening obstetric emergency characterized by rapid progression and high maternal-fetal mortality,necessitating multidisciplinary team management.
表1 8例妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎患者的一般情况 |
病例 | 年龄(岁) | 既往病史 | 孕/产(次) | 单胎/双胎 | 孕前BMI(kg/mM2) | 入院BMI(kg/m2) | 孕期增重(kg) | 受孕方式 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 34 | 无 | 6/2 | 单胎 | 24.4 | 26.7 | 5.0 | 自然 |
2 | 32 | 孕前胰腺炎,脂肪肝 | 2/1 | 双胎 | 20.5 | 26.6 | 15.5 | IVF-ET |
3 | 31 | 无 | 4/3 | 单胎 | 22.0 | 24.0 | 5.0 | 自然 |
4 | 32 | 脂肪肝 | 2/1 | 单胎 | 26.0 | 30.0 | 10.0 | 自然 |
5 | 34 | 无 | 3/2 | 单胎 | - | 30.8 | - | 自然 |
6 | 29 | 无 | 1/1 | 单胎 | 19.6 | 24.0 | 12.0 | 自然 |
7 | 24 | 孕前胰腺炎保守治疗2次,糖尿病胰岛素治疗1年,脂肪肝 | 1/1 | 单胎 | 24.6 | 26.6 | 5.0 | 自然 |
8 | 32 | 脂肪肝 | 1/1 | 单胎 | 29.8 | 36.4 | 18.0 | 自然 |
注:BMI:(body mass index)体重指数;IVF-ET:(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET)体外受精-胚胎移植;“-”:相关资料缺失 |
表2 8例妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎患者的临床表现与辅助检查 |
病例 | 起病孕周 | 首发症状 | 高血压 | 高血糖 | 凝血异常 | 低钾血症 | CT检查(胰腺炎相关表现) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
上腹痛 | 恶心呕吐 | 其他症状 | |||||||
1 | 31+4 | + | + | 发热 | - | - | APTT延长测不出 | - | 未行CT |
2 | 30+1 | + | + | - | - | 胰岛素抵抗 | - | + | 胰周渗出积液 |
3 | 28+4 | + | - | - | - | 糖尿病合并妊娠 | - | + | 胰腺水肿 |
4 | 37+6 | + | - | - | 子痫前期 | - | - | + | 未行CT |
5 | 29 | + | - | - | - | 妊娠期糖尿病 | 血小板57×109/L | - | 出血坏死性 |
6 | 37 | + | - | 嗳气、发热 | - | - | - | + | 胰周渗出积液 |
7 | 27 | + | + | 发热 | - | 糖尿病合并妊娠 | - | - | 坏死性 |
8 | 34 | + | - | - | 慢高并发重度子痫前期 | - | - | + | 胰腺水肿 |
注:“+”:有此表现;“-”:无此表现;APTT:(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)活化部分凝血活酶时间 |
表3 8例妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎患者实验室指标的围产期变化 |
病例 | 产前 | 产后 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TG(mmol/L) | CHOL(mmol/L) | AMY(U/L) | LIP(U/L) | UAMY(U/L) | PROTEIN | TG(mmol/L) | CHOL(mmol/L) | AMY(U/L) | LIP(U/L) | UAMY(U/L) | |
1 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 138 | 428.0 | 4100 | + | - | - | 107 | 558 | 65 |
2 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 352 | 444.0 | 590 | ± | 3.6 | 2.9 | 67 | 201 | 807 |
3 | 34.2 | 52.5 | 800 | 8490.0 | - | ++ | 5.2 | 3.8 | 56 | 421 | 2732 |
4 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 201 | 916.0 | - | 0.58g/24h | - | - | 92 | 704 | - |
5 | 43.0 | 25.1 | - | 162.0 | 145 | - | - | - | 40 | 125 | - |
6 | 21.1 | 38.0 | 164 | 623.0 | 2102 | + | 5.6 | 11.4 | 93 | 216 | 1181 |
7 | 62.9 | 34.0 | 245 | 75.5 | - | ++ | 5.5 | 17.9 | 69 | 361 | 324 |
8 | 5.7 | 3.8 | 319 | 5525.0 | 1838 | - | - | - | 107 | 1507 | 609 |
注:TG:(triglyceride)甘油三酯;CHOL:(cholesterol)胆固醇;AMY:(amylase)淀粉酶(本院检验正常值参考范围30~110 U/L);LIP:(lipase)脂肪酶(本院检验正常值参考范围23~300 U/L);UAMY:(urinary amylase)尿淀粉酶(本院检验正常值参考范围32~641 U/L);PROTEIN:尿蛋白;“-”:相关资料缺失 |
表4 8例妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎患者的治疗措施 |
病例 | 例数 | 治疗措施 |
---|---|---|
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 | 8/8 | 禁食、补液、抑酸、抑酶、护胃、抗感染 |
1,2,5,6,7 | 5/8 | 口服降脂药物(非诺贝特等) |
2,3,5,7 | 4/8 | 血浆置换 |
7 | 1/8 | 胰岛素 |
5,6,7 | 3/8 | 胃肠减压 |
4,5,8 | 3/8 | 降压、解痉 |
5 | 1/8 | 转入我院前已完成人工肝降脂及促胎肺成熟治疗 |
表5 8例妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎患者的临床结局 |
病例 | 分娩孕周 | 手术指征 | 出血量(ml) | 羊水性状 | 麻醉方式 | 术中情况 | 严重程度分级 | ICU | 住院天数(d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 31+4 | APIP/胎窘 | 400 | 清 | 全麻 | 胰腺明显肿胀质硬,包膜紧张,周围渗出明显;胃周软组织明显肿胀,小网膜囊内见明显乳糜样渗液沉积 | SAP | 有 | 15 |
2 | 30+3 | APIP | 550 | 清 | 全麻 | 部分大网膜切除+腹腔脓肿清除+空肠造瘘 | SAP | 有 | 24 |
3 | 28+4 | APIP/胎窘 | 250 | 清 | 全麻 | 未探查 | SAP | 有 | 24 |
4 | 38 | APIP/子痫前期 | 200 | 清 | 腰硬联合 | 未探查 | 轻度AP | 无 | 6 |
5 | 30 | APIP | 250 | 清 | 腰硬联合 | 未探查 | SAP | 有 | 11 |
6 | 37+1 | APIP | 300 | 清 | 腰硬联合 | 考虑合并肠梗阻 | SAP | 有 | 14 |
7 | 27 | APIP | 300 | 清 | 全麻 | 术前诊断ARDS、MODS,行古典式剖宫产,腹腔见大量乳糜样液体。胃肠外科会诊暂无外科手术指征,术后腹腔置管引流 | SAP | 有 | 14 |
8 | 34 | APIP/重度子痫前期 | 400 | 血性 | 全麻 | 检查胎盘胎膜未见压迹、粗糙面 | 轻度AP | 无 | 11 |
注:APIP:(acute pancreatitis in pregnancy)妊娠合并急性胰腺炎;ARDS:(acute respiratory distress syndrome)急性呼吸窘迫综合症;MODS:(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome)多脏器功能障碍综合征;SAP:(severe acute pancreatitis)重症急性胰腺炎;ICU:(intensive care unit)重症监护病房 |
表6 8例妊娠合并高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎患者的胎儿及新生儿结局 |
病例 | 性别 | 出生体重(g) | 胎/婴儿结局 | 转归 | 新生儿窒息 | Apgar评分1-5-10min |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 男 | 1680 | 活产 | 转科 | 重度 | 3-9-10 |
2 | 男/男 | 1020/920 | 活产/活产 | 转科/转科 | 轻度/重度 | 5-9-9/2-2-9 |
3 | 男 | 1000 | 死婴 | 死亡 | 重度 | 1-1-1 |
4 | 女 | 3090 | 活产 | 出院 | 无 | 10-10-10 |
5 | 男 | 1640 | 活产 | 转科 | 轻度 | 7-9-9 |
6 | 女 | 2830 | 活产 | 出院 | 无 | 9-10-10 |
7 | 男 | 1350 | 活产 | 转科 | 轻度 | 6-8-10 |
8 | 男 | 2120 | 活产 | 转科 | 无 | 7-10-10 |
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