2025 , Vol. 14 >Issue 02: 95 - 101
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3259.2025.02.006
复发性子痫前期临床特征及影响因素分析
Copy editor: 郎素慧 , 周诗煜
收稿日期: 2024-08-23
网络出版日期: 2025-06-20
基金资助
广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(C2022104)广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515012405,2025A1515012340)广州市科技计划市校(院)联合(2023A03J0380)
版权
Analysis of clinical characteristics and influencing factors in recurrent preeclampsia
Received date: 2024-08-23
Online published: 2025-06-20
Copyright
目的
分析复发性子痫前期(preeclampsia,PE)患者临床症状,探讨其发病影响因素,为复发性PE的预防与治疗提供依据。
方法
收集2010年6月至2021年12月广州医科大附属第三医院和广州市番禺区妇幼保健院收治的574例PE患者完整资料,根据再次妊娠时是否发生PE分为复发组(132例)和未复发组(442例),采用卡方检验、t检验或秩和检验对比两组患者临床资料、妊娠特征,并采用logistic回归模型分析子痫前期复发的危险因素。
结果
(1)PE复发率为23.0%;(2)复发组本次妊娠年龄高于未复发组[(32.92±4.14)岁与(30.81±4.29)岁,t= -4.982],入院孕周[(36.36±3.12)周与(37.96±2.25)周,t=6.493]、分娩孕周[(36.73±2.87)周与(38.19±2.10)周,t=6.377]均低于未复发组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者阴道分娩分别为31.8%与43.1%、剖宫产分娩分别为68.2% 与56.9%(χ2=5.355),差异有统计学差异(P<0.05);(3)复发组更容易发生腹水4.5%与0.2%(χ2=15.706)、上腹不适2.3%与0.2%(χ2=6.143),差异有均统计学意义(P<0.05);(4)复发组白细胞数量高于未复发组[(9.85±2.14)×109/L与(9.2±2.2)×109/L,t= -2.122],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(5)复发组新生儿出生体重[(2 760.0±830.0)g与(3 120.0±540.0)g,t=5.867]、Apgar评分[1 min(9.51±1.56)分与(9.79±1.11)分,t=2.299;5 min(9.70±1.35)分与(9.88±0.97)分,t=1.697],胎儿生长受限的发生率更高(6.9%与2.0%,χ2=7.738),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),新生儿死亡率明显高于未复发组(9.1%与3.8%);(6)复发组前次妊娠血压升高起始孕周及入院孕周均早于未复发组,分别为[(33.85±5.35)周与(36.64±3.83)周,t=36.531]和[(35.56±4.46)周与(37.44±3.04)周,t=42.792],前次妊娠孕期最高收缩压[(165.1±13.8)mmHg与(156.1±13.4)mmHg,t= -5.508]、最高舒张压[(106.2±11.9)mmHg与(100.4±10.4)mmHg,t= -4.463]均高于未复发组,非首次妊娠的占比(46.2%与36.7%,t=7.66)明显多于未复发组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(7)Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.03~1.35)、前次妊娠孕期最高收缩压(OR=1.05,95%CI:1.01~1.08,P<0.05)、前次妊娠年龄(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.16~1.37,P<0.05)、前次妊娠分娩孕周(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.23~1.39,P<0.05)、前次妊娠期尿蛋白(OR=2.59,95%CI:1.01~6.64,P<0.05)是孕妇PE复发的危险因素,前次血压升高起始孕周是PE复发的保护因素(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.82~0.97,P<0.05)。
结论
复发性PE具有一定临床特征,孕妇年龄、前次妊娠孕期最高收缩压、前次妊娠年龄、前次妊娠分娩孕周、前次妊娠期尿蛋白是复发性PE的危险因素。前次妊娠血压升高起始孕周是复发性PE的保护因素。
王伟伟 , 李霞林 , 龚景进 , 孙雯 , 张丽姿 , 王永 . 复发性子痫前期临床特征及影响因素分析[J]. 中华产科急救电子杂志, 2025 , 14(02) : 95 -101 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3259.2025.02.006
Objective
To analyze the clinical symptoms of patients with recurrent preeclampsia(PE)and explore the influencing factors of its onset,thereby providing a basis for the prevention and treatment of recurrent PE.
Methods
Complete data of 574 patients with PE admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Panyu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2010 to December 2021 were collected.Patients were divided into a recurrence group(132 cases)and a nonrecurrence group(442 cases)based on whether PE occurred during a second pregnancy.The clinical data and pregnancy characteristics of the two groups were compared using the chisquare test,t-test,or rank sum test.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for PE recurrence.
Results
(1)The recurrence rate of PE was 23.0%;(2)The age of pregnancy in the recurrent group was higher than that in the non recurrent group[(32.92±4.14)years vs(30.81±4.29)years,t= -4.982],while the gestational weeks at admission[(36.36±3.12)weeks vs(37.96±2.25)weeks,t=6.493]and delivery[(36.73±2.87)weeks vs(38.19±2.10)weeks,t=6.377]were lower than those in the non-recurrent group,with statistical significance(P<0.05);The vaginal delivery rates were 31.8% vs.43.1%,and cesarean delivery rates were 68.2% vs.56.9% in the two groups,respectively(χ2=5.355),demonstrating statistically significant differences(P<0.05).(3)The recurrence group demonstrated significantly higher incidences of both ascites(4.5% vs 0.2%,χ2=15.706)and epigastric discomfort(2.3% vs 0.2%,χ2=6.143),with all differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)The white blood cell count in the recurrent group was higher than that in the non-recurrent group[(9.85±2.14)×109/L vs(9.2±2.2)×109/L,t= -2.122],and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(5)The birth weight[(2 760.0±830.0)g vs(3 120.0±540.0)g,t=5.867]and Apgar score of newborns[1 min:(9.51±1.56)vs(9.79±1.11),t=2.299;5 min:(9.70±1.35)vs(9.88±0.97),t=1.697]in the recurrent group were significantly lower than those in the non-recurrent group,and the incidence of fetal growth restriction was higher(6.9%vs2.0%,χ2=7.738),with statistical significance(P<0.05).The neonatal mortality rate was significantly higher than that of the non-recurrence group(9.1% vs 3.8%).(6)The recurrence group had an increase in blood pressure in the previous pregnancy[(33.85±5.35)weeks vs(36.64±3.83)weeks,t=36.531]and the gestational age at admission[(35.56±4.46)weeks vs(37.44±3.04)weeks,t=42.792)]was earlier than the non-recurrence group,while the highest systolic blood pressure[(165.1±13.8)mmHg vs(156.1±13.4)mmHg,t= -5.508]and maximum diastolic blood pressure[(106.2±11.9)mmHg vs(100.4±10.4)mmHg,t= -4.463]was higher than that of the nonrecurrence group,and the proportion of non-first pregnancies(46.2% vs 36.7%,t=7.66)was significantly higher than that of the non-recurrence group(P<0.05).(7)Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.03~1.35),highest systolic blood pressure during the previous pregnancy(OR=1.05,95%CI:1.01~1.08,P<0.05),age of the previous pregnancy(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.16~1.37,P<0.05),gestational age of the previous delivery(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.23~1.39,P<0.05),and urinary protein during the previous pregnancy(OR=2.59,95%CI:1.01~6.64,P<0.05)were risk factors for PE recurrence in pregnant women.The starting gestational age of the previous increase in blood pressure(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.82~0.97,P<0.05)was a protective factor for PE recurrence.
Conclusions
Recurrent PE has certain clinical characteristics.The maternal age,highest systolic blood pressure during the previous pregnancy,age of the previous pregnancy,gestational age of the previous pregnancy,and urinary protein during the previous pregnancy are risk factors for recurrent PE.The initial gestational age of the previous pregnancy with elevated blood pressure is a protective factor for recurrent PE.
Key words: Preeclampsia; Recurrence; Features; Influencing factors
表1 两组患者一般情况比较 |
分组 | 例数(例) | 年龄(岁,± s ) | 入院孕周(周,± s ) | 分娩孕周(周,± s ) | 与上次妊娠间隔时间[年,M(P25,P75)] | 产检情况[例(%)] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
定期产检 | 不定期产检 | 未产检 | ||||||
复发组 | 132 | 32.92±4.14 | 36.36±3.12 | 36.73±2.87 | 3(1,4) | 85(64.4) | 39(29.5) | 7(6.1) |
未复发组 | 442 | 30.81±4.29 | 37.96±2.25 | 38.19±2.10 | 2(1,4) | 331(74.9) | 85(19.2) | 26(5.9) |
χ 2值 | t=-4.982 | t=6.493 | t=6.377 | χ 2=-2.801 | χ 2=6.332 | |||
P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.005 | 0.042 | |||
分组 | 例数(例) | 孕次[例(%)] | 产次[例(%)] | 分娩方式[例(%)] | ||||
0次 | 2次 | ≥3次 | 1次 | ≥2次 | 顺产 | 剖宫产 | ||
复发组 | 132 | 10(7.6) | 54(40.9) | 78(59.1) | 101(76.5) | 21(15.9) | 42(31.8) | 90(68.2) |
未复发组 | 442 | 4(0.9) | 237(53.6) | 205(46.4) | 405(91.6) | 33(7.5) | 191(43.1) | 251(56.9) |
χ 2值 | χ 2=6.694 | χ 2=25.79 | χ 2=5.355 | |||||
P值 | 0.010 | <0.001 | 0.021 |
表2 两组患者临床症状和并发症的比较[例(%)] |
分组 | 例数(例) | 临床症状 | 并发症 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水肿 | 胸闷 | 腹水 | 上腹部不适 | 眼底病变 | 肝功能异常 | 前置胎盘 | 胎盘早剥 | 妊娠期糖尿病 | 甲减 | ||
复发组 | 132 | 38(28.8) | 1(0.8) | 6(4.5) | 3(2.3) | 10(7.6) | 2(1.5) | 2(1.5) | 2(1.5) | 34(26.0) | 1(0.8) |
未复发组 | 442 | 132(29.8) | 1(0.2) | 1(0.2) | 1(0.2) | 0(0.0) | 4(0.9) | 3(0.7) | 4(0.9) | 80(18.2) | 8(1.8) |
χ 2值 | 0.981 | 0.824 | 15.706 | 6.143 | 34.001 | 0.376 | 0.832 | 0.365 | 3.823 | 0.736 | |
P值 | 0.625 | 0.364 | <0.001 | 0.013 | <0.001 | 0.543 | 0.362 | 0.546 | 0.050 | 0.392 |
表3 两组患者分娩前实验室各项检测指标比较 |
分组 | 例数(例) | 白细胞(×109/L,± s ) | 血红蛋白(g/L,± s ) | 血小板(×109/L,± s ) | ALT[U/L,M(P25,P75)] | AST[U/L,M(P25,P75)] | 肌酐[mmol/L,M(P25,P75)] | 胆固醇[mmol/L,M(P25,P75)] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
复发组 | 132 | 9.85±2.14 | 122.6±17.0 | 253.3±67.3 | 16.0(12.0,24.7) | 16(14,19) | 47(44,55) | 4.7(4.2,5.5) |
未复发组 | 442 | 9.20±2.20 | 121.6±12.2 | 251.6±58.9 | 15.6(10.1,25.0) | 17(14,22) | 46(41,52) | 5.0(4.3,5.6) |
统计值 | t=-2.122 | t=-0.521 | t=-0.214 | Z=-0.386 | Z=-0.541 | Z=-1.354 | Z=-0.602 | |
P值 | 0.035 | 0.607 | 0.837 | 0.708 | 0.591 | 0.177 | 0.550 |
注:ALT(alanine aminotransferase)谷丙转氨酶;AST(aspartate aminotransferase)天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 |
表4 两组患者新生儿情况比较 |
分组 | 例数(例) | 新生儿出生体重(g,± s ) | Apgar评分(± s ) | 新生儿窒息[例(%)] | 新生儿结局[例(%) | 巨大儿[例(%)] | 胎儿生长受限[例(%)] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1min | 5min | 10min | 出院 | 死亡 | 转院 | ||||||
复发组 | 132 | 2760.0±830.0 | 9.51±1.56 | 9.70±1.35 | 9.77±1.28 | 3(2.3) | 102(77.3) | 12(9.1) | 18(13.6) | 5(3.8) | 9(6.9) |
未复发组 | 442 | 3120.0±540.0 | 9.79±1.11 | 9.88±0.97 | 9.91±0.95 | 5(1.1) | 380(86.0) | 17(3.8) | 45(10.2) | 10(2.3) | 9(2.0) |
统计值 | t=5.867 | t=2.299 | t=1.697 | t=1.363 | χ 2=0.302 | χ 2=7.561 | χ 2=0.942 | χ 2=7.738 | |||
P值 | 0.000 | 0.010 | 0.045 | 0.086 | 0.584 | 0.023 | 0.332 | 0.006 |
表5 两组患者前次妊娠临床资料比较 |
分组 | 例数(例) | 年龄(岁,± s ) | 入院孕周(周,± s ) | 血压升高起始孕周(周,± s ) | 孕期最高收缩压(mmHg,± s ) | 孕期最高舒张压(mmHg,± s ) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
复发组 | 132 | 28.99±3.99 | 35.56±4.46 | 33.85±5.35 | 165.1±13.8 | 106.2±11.9 | |
未复发组 | 442 | 27.19±3.89 | 37.44±3.04 | 36.64±3.83 | 156.1±13.4 | 100.4±10.4 | |
统计值 | t=0.091 | t=42.792 | t=36.531 | t=-5.508 | t=-4.463 | ||
P值 | 0.765 | <0.001 | 0.000 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
分组 | 例数(例) | 产检情况[例(%)] | 孕次[例(%)] | ||||
定期产检 | 不定期产检 | 未产检 | 1次 | 2次 | ≥3次 | ||
复发组 | 132 | 79(59.8) | 40(30.3) | 13(9.8) | 71(53.8) | 29(22.0) | 32(24.2) |
未复发组 | 442 | 306(69.2) | 97(21.9) | 39(8.8) | 280(63.3) | 99(22.4) | 63(14.3) |
统计值 | χ 2=4.437 | χ 2=7.661 | |||||
P值 | 0.109 | 0.022 |
表6 复发性PE危险因素logistic回归分析 |
变量 | 变量分层 | B | S.E. | Wald | P值 | OR | 95%CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||||||
年龄 | — | 0.16 | 0.07 | 5.50 | 0.021 | 1.18 | 1.03 | 1.35 |
与上次妊娠间隔时间年 | — | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.792 | 1.04 | 0.78 | 1.40 |
前次血压升高起始孕周 | — | 0.13 | 0.04 | 6.77 | 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.97 |
前次妊娠孕期最高收缩压 | — | 0.05 | 0.02 | 7.90 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.08 |
前次妊娠年龄 | — | 0.21 | 0.18 | 6.29 | <0.001 | 1.23 | 1.16 | 1.37 |
前次妊娠分娩孕周 | — | -0.28 | 0.19 | 7.15 | <0.001 | 1.32 | 1.23 | 1.39 |
孕次 | 0=2次1=3次及以上 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 1.01 | 0.321 | 1.68 | 0.61 | 4.60 |
水肿 | 0=否,1=是 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.615 | 1.19 | 0.83 | 1.26 |
白细胞 | 0=否,1=是 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.732 | 1.04 | 0.83 | 1.30 |
前次妊娠期尿蛋白 | 0=否,1=是 | 0.95 | 0.48 | 3.94 | 0.041 | 2.59 | 1.01 | 6.64 |
胎儿生长受限 | 0=否,1=是 | 1.07 | 1.29 | 0.69 | 0.413 | 2.92 | 0.23 | 36.76 |
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