To investigate the clinical features and maternal and neonatal outcomes of preeclampsia complicated with fetal growth restriction (FGR).

The clinical data of patients with preeclampsia, who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether they were complicated with FGR, they were divided into FGR group and control group. The clinical characteristics and maternal and neonatal outcomes of two groups were analyzed.

(1) The incidence of FGR in 2960 cases of preeclampsia was 20.68%. The incidences of FGR in early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia were 30.3% and 13.7%, respectively (P<0.05). (2) There were significant differences in educational level, gravidity, mode of conception and type of admission between the two groups (all P<0.05). (3) In FGR group, the gestational age of live birth (33.44±3.13) was significantly less than that in control group (35.82±3.78), the stillbirth rate (15.03%), cesarean section rate (80.39%) and hospital stay [(9.21±4.70)d] were significantly higher than those in control group [10.78%, 71.12%, 8.45±6.34 (d)], the incidences of fetal distress (24.18%) and oligohydramnios (13.89%) in FGR group were significantly higher than those in control group (10.09% and 6.39%) (P<0.05). (4) The results showed that the average weight, length and head circumference of newborns in FGR group were lower than those in control group. The incidence of neonatal asphyxia (21.0%), neonatal respiratory distress (18.65%), pulmonary hyaline membrane disease (4.62%) and neonatal anemia (17.69%) in FGR group were significantly higher than those in control group (14.1%, 10.60%, 2.82% and 7.97%), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).

Preeclampsia is closely related to the occurrence of FGR. Preeclampsia patients complicated with FGR have an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.