Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is a group of disorders caused by poorly formed or dysfunctional bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, which lead to low numbers of one or more type of blood cells. Pregnant patients complicated with MDS may result in severe complications, such as fatal hemorrhage, infection and sepsis; in a few patients, MDS can progress to a severe pregnancy outcome called acute myeloid leukemia during pregnancy or in postpartum. As more and younger people present with MDS, more attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis of MDS in pregnant women with cytopenia. In this article, the author discussed the diagnosis, management and prognosis of pregnant patients complicated with MDS.