Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a relatively common disease in newborns. In the past, NRDS was usually considered to occur in early preterm infants. However, the incidence of NRDS in term and late preterm infants is increasing in recent clinical researches. Compare with the full-term and late preterm infants, the condition of the early preterm neonates are more serious, and the pathogenic factors are more complex. Therefore, only further understand the high risk factors of NRDS in term and late preterm infants can prevent the disease fundamentally and make personalized treatment programs, which in order to achieve effective treatment outcome and reduce neonatal mortality.