The incidence and mortality of venous thromboembolism diseases, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in obstetric operations especially emergency caesarean section, has significant increasing tendency. In most cases, it is not only related to surgical factors but also to pathological obstetric factors. At present, anticoagulation as a conventional therapy after operation still presents controversy, and it also lacks of large-scale clinical research data to support. From the clinical point of view, this article discussed the risk assessment of thrombosis after obstetric surgery, determined the effective time of anticoagulation and reasonable therapeutic regime.