Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome that affects multiple organs of pregnant women. Renal impairment is the most common clinical complication in preeclampsia patients, and the damage to renal function further accelerates the development of preeclampsia. Therefore, monitoring and re-understanding the renal function of preeclampsia patients constitude a crucial component of its lifelong management. This article discusses the mechanisms of renal damage in preeclampsia, the incidence of long-term renal insufficiency, predictive indicators, postpartum follow-up plans, and guidance for subsequent pregnancies, aiming to provide references for clinicians in monitoring and long-term management of renal function in preeclampsia patients.