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中华产科急救电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (03) : 183 -189. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3259.2024.03.010

论著

体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射受孕患者胎盘植入分级及围产结局的研究
胡淼1, 杜丽丽1, 张丽姿1, 林琳1, 张瑜亮1, 古士锋1, 古仲嘉1, 赖思莹1, 梁景英1, 刘雨1, 黄敏珊1, 黄媛媛1, 黄晴晴1, 罗世君1, 陈敦金1,()   
  1. 1. 510150 广州医科大学附属第三医院妇产科 广东省产科重大疾病重点实验室 广东省妇产疾病临床医学研究中心 粤港澳母胎医学高校联合实验室
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-18 出版日期:2024-08-18
  • 通信作者: 陈敦金
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2704501、2022YFC2704503)

A study on placenta accreta grading and perinatal outcomes in patients conceived through in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Miao Hu1, Lili Du1, Lizi Zhang1, Lin Lin1, Yuliang Zhang1, Shifeng Gu1, Zhongjia Gu1, Siying Lai1, Jingying Liang1, Yu Liu1, Minshan Huang1, Yuanyuan Huang1, Qingqing Huang1, Shijun Luo1, Dunjin Chen1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou 510150, China
  • Received:2024-03-18 Published:2024-08-18
  • Corresponding author: Dunjin Chen
引用本文:

胡淼, 杜丽丽, 张丽姿, 林琳, 张瑜亮, 古士锋, 古仲嘉, 赖思莹, 梁景英, 刘雨, 黄敏珊, 黄媛媛, 黄晴晴, 罗世君, 陈敦金. 体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射受孕患者胎盘植入分级及围产结局的研究[J]. 中华产科急救电子杂志, 2024, 13(03): 183-189.

Miao Hu, Lili Du, Lizi Zhang, Lin Lin, Yuliang Zhang, Shifeng Gu, Zhongjia Gu, Siying Lai, Jingying Liang, Yu Liu, Minshan Huang, Yuanyuan Huang, Qingqing Huang, Shijun Luo, Dunjin Chen. A study on placenta accreta grading and perinatal outcomes in patients conceived through in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetric Emergency(Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(03): 183-189.

目的

探讨经体外受精(in vitro fertilization,IVF)/卵胞浆内单精子注射(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)妊娠合并胎盘植入患者的胎盘植入分级及围产结局。

方法

采用回顾性研究方法对我院2018年1月至2023年3月经剖宫产分娩、诊断胎盘植入974例患者的临床资料进行分析。按照受孕方式分为自然受孕组(820例)和IVF/ICSI受孕组(154例),使用倾向性评分匹配法进行1∶1匹配,匹配后自然受孕组和IVF/ICSI受孕组各123例,分析匹配后IVF/ICSI受孕患者胎盘植入分级情况及围产结局。

结果

IVF/ICSI受孕组与自然受孕组相比,发生侵入性胎盘的例数差异无统计学意义(P=0.290)。IVF/ICSI受孕组与自然受孕组的围产结局相比,发生产后出血的患者增多(18.7% vs 2.4%, χ2=16.02,P<0.001)。其余围产结局(母体子宫切除、输注红细胞≥4 U、新生儿出生孕周、新生儿出生体重、入住新生儿重症监护病房)的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。IVF/ICSI受孕方式对围产结局危险因素分析显示,IVF/ICSI受孕方式在研究人群中未增加侵入性胎盘植入的发生风险(aOR=0.64,95%CI:0.400~1.007);IVF/ICSI受孕方式是产后出血风险的危险因素(aOR=1.40,95%CI:1.170~2.552);IVF/ICSI受孕方式未增加母体子宫切除(aOR=0.48,95%CI:0.192~1.212)及母体输血≥4 U的风险(aOR=1.08,95%CI:0.54~2.133);IVF/ICSI受孕方式在研究人群中未增加早产儿(aOR=0.77,95%CI:0.489~1.217)、新生儿体重<2500 g(aOR=1.04,95%CI:0.666~1.608)、新生儿入住重症监护病房(aOR=0.57,95%CI:0.109~2.980)的风险。

结论

IVF/ICSI受孕方式不是影响胎盘植入分级的危险因素,影响胎盘植入分级的危险因素需要进一步探讨。IVF/ICSI受孕增加产后出血这一不良妊娠结局风险,但并未增加子宫切除、大量输血的风险,亦未增加新生儿不良结局风险,提醒临床医生对于此类患者预后评估要结合病史、当地产检管理能力、分娩救治能力等进行综合评估。

Objective

This study aims to investigate the impact of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) on the depth of villous invasion and perinatal outcomes in patients diagnosed with placenta accreta spectrum disorders(PAS).

Methods

The clinical data of 974 patients diagnosed with placenta accreta by cesarean section in our hospital from January 2018 to March 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.These patients were categorized into two groups based on their conception method: the natural conception group (820 cases) and the IVF/ICSI group (154 cases). A 1∶1 match was performed using the propensity score matching method, resulting in 123 cases in each group. Post-matching, we analyzed the placental implantation grading and perinatal outcomes of patients who conceived via IVF/ICSI.

Results

No significant difference was observed in the grades of invasive placentas between the IVF/ICSI group and the natural conception group (P=0.290). However, the IVF/ICSI group had a higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage than the natural conception group (18.7% vs 2.4%, χ2=16.02, P<0.001). Other perinatal outcomes, including maternal hysterectomy, red blood cell transfusion ≥4 U, gestational age of newborn, birth weight of newborn, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, showed no significant differences (all P>0.05). Risk factor analysis for perinatal outcomes by IVF/ICSI revealed that IVF/ICSI fertilization did not increase the incidence of invasive placenta implantation (aOR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.400~1.007). However, IVF/ICSI was identified as a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage (aOR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.170~2.552). IVF/ICSI did not increase the risk of maternal hysterectomy (aOR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.192~1.212), maternal blood transfusion ≥4 U (aOR=1.08, 95%CI: 0.54~2.133), preterm births (aOR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.489~1.217), birth weight <2500 g (aOR=1.04, 95%CI: 0.666~1.608), or neonatal admission to the intensive care unit (aOR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.109~2.980).

Conclusions

The IVF/ICSI conception method is not a risk factor affecting the grading of placental implantation, and the risk factors affecting the grading of placental implantation need further exploration. IVF/ICSI pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, but does not increase the risk of hysterectomy, heavy blood transfusion, or neonatal adverse outcomes. Clinical doctors are reminded to comprehensively evaluate the prognosis of such patients based on their medical history, local prenatal management capabilities, and delivery assistance capabilities.

图1 筛选入组患者及经1∶1倾向性评分匹配流程图注:IVF/ICSI:(in vitro intracytoplasmic sperm injection)体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射;PSM:(propensity score matching)倾向性评分匹配
表1 匹配前后两组患者临床基本特征比较
临床基本特征 匹配前 匹配后
自然受孕组(n=820) IVF/ICSI组(n=154) 统计值 P 自然受孕组(n=123) IVF/ICS组(n=123) 统计值 P
入院年龄[岁,M(P25P75)] 34(30~37) 35.5(33~39) Z=2.03 0.001 35(32~37) 35(33~38) Z=0.89 0.403
年龄(≥35岁)[例(%)] 370(45.1) 91(59.1) χ2=10.15 0.001 64(52.0) 72(58.5) χ2=2.76 0.097
孕前体重指数[例(%)]     χ2=2.53 0.469     χ2=0.90 0.825
<18.5 kg/m2 88(10.7) 13(8.4)     13(10.6) 11(8.9)    
18.5~<24 kg/m2 555(67.7) 103(66.9)     87(70.7) 88(71.5)    
24~<28 kg/m2 140(17.1) 33(21.4)     18(14.6) 21(17.1)    
≥28 kg/m2 37(4.5) 5(3.3)     5(4.1) 3(2.4)    
孕次[次,M(P25P75)] 4(3~5) 3(2~4) Z=2.37 <0.001 3(2~4) 3(2~4) Z=0.45 0.989
产次[次,M(P25P75)] 1(1~2) 0(0~1) Z=4.62 <0.001 0(0~1) 0(0~1) Z=0.19 1.000
既往阴道分娩[次,M(P25P75)] 0(0~0) 0(0~0) Z=0.95 0.332 0(0~0) 0(0~0) Z=-0.38 0.704
剖宫产次数[例(%)]     χ2=86.66 <0.001     χ2=0.59 0.899
0 253(30.9) 108(70.1)     79(64.2) 78(63.4)    
1 386(47.1) 36(23.4)     35(28.5) 35(28.5)    
2 167(20.4) 9(5.8)     7(5.7) 9(7.3)    
3 13(1.6) 1(0.7)     2(1.6) 1(0.8)    
>3 1(0.1) 0     0 0    
人工流产次数[例(%)]     χ2=16.02 0.003     χ2=1.79 0.775
0 429(52.3) 106(68.8)     70(56.9) 79(64.2)    
1 208(25.4) 30(19.5)     33(26.8) 28(22.8)    
2 116(14.1) 13(8.4)     13(10.6) 11(8.9)    
3 39(4.8) 2(1.3)     4(3.3) 2(1.6)    
>3 28(3.4) 3(1.9)     3(2.4) 3(2.4)    
其他损伤子宫内膜的操作a[例(%)] 303(37.0) 64(41.6) χ2=1.17 0.279 48(39.0) 49(39.8) χ2=0.02 0.896
表2 匹配前后两组患者妊娠合并症或并发症比较[例(%)]
表3 匹配后两组患者围产期结局比较[例(%)]
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