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中华产科急救电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (04) : 220 -226. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3259.2024.04.006

论著

体外受精-胚胎移植术后妊娠患者孕产期风险的临床研究
汪文雁1, 郑剑兰1,(), 朱丽慈1   
  1. 1.361003 中国人民解放军陆军第七十三集团军医院厦门大学附属成功医院产科
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-04 出版日期:2024-11-18
  • 通信作者: 郑剑兰
  • 基金资助:
    厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20184066)

Clinical study on the risk of pregnancy and perinatal period after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfe

Wenyan Wang1, Jianlan Zheng1,(), Lici Zhu1   

  1. 1.Department of Obstetrics,Army Group 73th Military Hospital,Xiamen University Affiliated Chenggong Hospital,Xiamen 361003,China
  • Received:2024-01-04 Published:2024-11-18
  • Corresponding author: Jianlan Zheng
引用本文:

汪文雁, 郑剑兰, 朱丽慈. 体外受精-胚胎移植术后妊娠患者孕产期风险的临床研究[J]. 中华产科急救电子杂志, 2024, 13(04): 220-226.

Wenyan Wang, Jianlan Zheng, Lici Zhu. Clinical study on the risk of pregnancy and perinatal period after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfe[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetric Emergency(Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(04): 220-226.

目的

分析体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)术后妊娠患者的孕产期风险。

方法

采用回顾性队列研究,选择2022年1月至2023年7月在我院住院分娩的孕产妇共2729例,其中IVF-ET术后孕产妇254例(单胎148例,双胎106例),自然受孕孕产妇2475例(单胎2455例,双胎20例)。按受孕方式及胎儿数不同分为四组:IVF-ET术后单胎组(148例)、自然受孕单胎组(2455例)、IVF-ET术后双胎组(106例)和自然受孕双胎组(20例),比较四组患者的一般情况、并发症及合并症(妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、胎膜早破、早产、贫血、胎盘异常、产后出血、低出生体重儿)和分娩方式。

结果

(1)IVF-ET术后单胎组的妊娠期糖尿病(29.1% vs 16.3%,χ2=15.964)、胎盘异常(13.5% vs 1.4%,χ2=95.193)、产后出血(9.5% vs 5.2%,χ2=4.878)及剖宫产(38.5% vs30.3%,χ2=4.414)发生率均高于自然受孕单胎组(P<0.05);(2)自然受孕双胎组胎膜早破(30.0% vs6.6%,χ2=7.586)发生率高于IVF-ET术后双胎组,IVF-ET术后单胎组胎膜早破(14.9 vs6.6%,χ2=4.168)发生率高于IVF-ET术后双胎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)IVF-ET术后双胎组的妊娠期高血压疾病(15.1% vs2.0%,χ2=15.239)、早产(33.0% vs 6.8%,χ2=29.221)、贫血(24.5% vs 6.1%,χ2=17.691)、低出生体重儿(34.9% vs 1.4%,χ2=53.505)及剖宫产(74.5% vs38.5%,χ2=32.206)发生率均高于IVF-ET术后单胎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

与自然妊娠单胎孕妇相比,IVF-ET术后单胎孕妇发生妊娠期糖尿病、胎盘异常、产后出血及剖宫产的几率更大。与IVF-ET单胎妊娠孕妇相比,IVF-ET术后双胎妊娠的分娩孕周更低,但妊娠期高血压疾病、早产、贫血、低出生体重儿及剖宫产的发生率更高,正确评估IVF-ET术后妊娠,尤其是IVF-FT术后双胎妊娠风险,加强并发症的防治和产前、产时监护,同时提倡限制移植胚胎数量,对降低IVF-ET术后双胎妊娠及并发症发生率、改善母婴结局有一定帮助。

Objective

To analyze the risk of pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to select a total of 2729 pregnant women who gave birth in our hospital from January 2022 to July 2023,including 254 pregnant women after IVF-ET(including 148 single and 106 twin births after IVF-ET)and 2475 cases of naturally conceived pregnant women(including 2455 cases of naturally conceived single and 20 cases of naturally conceived twin).They were divided into four groups according to the method of conception and the number of fetuses:After the IVF-ET single group,naturally conceived single group,IVF-ET twin group,and naturally conceived twin group,the general conditions,complications,and comorbiditions(pregnancy-induced hypertension,gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membranes, premature delivery, anemia, placental abnormalities,postpartum hemorrhage,low birth weight infants)and delivery mode of the four groups were compared.

Results

(1)The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus(29.1% vs 16.3%,χ2=15.964)、placental abnormality(13.5% vs 1.4%,χ2=95.193)、postpartum hemorrhage(9.5% vs 5.2%,χ2=4.878)and cesarean section(38.5% vs 30.3%,χ2=15.964)in single pregnancy after IVF-ET was higher than that in natural single pregnancy(P<0.05).(2)The incidence of premature rupture of membranes in the natural conception twin group(30.0% vs 6.6%,χ2=7.586)was higher than that in the IVF-ET twin group,and the incidence of premature rupture of membranes in the IVF-ET single group(14.9 vs 6.6%,χ2=4.168)was higher than that in the IVF-ET twin group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)In the twin after IVF-ET,the rates of hypertensive disease during pregnancy(15.1% vs 2.0%,χ2=15.239),preterm birth(33.0% vs 6.8%,χ2=29.221),anemia(24.5% vs6.1%,χ2=17.691),low birth weight infants(34.9% vs1.4%,χ2=53.505)and cesarean section(74.5% vs38.5%,χ2=32.206)were higher than those in the single group after IVFET(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The incidence of gestational diabetes,placental abnormalities,postpartum hemorrhage,and cesarean section were higher in single pregnancy after IVF-ET than in natural single pregnancy.Compared with the single pregnancy of IVF-ET,the gestational week of delivery of the twin pregnancies after IVF-ET is lower,but the incidence rate of hypertensive diseases,premature delivery,anemia,low birth weight infants,and cesarean section is higher.The risk of pregnancy after IVF-ET,especially the twin pregnancies after IVF-FT,should be correctly evaluated,and the prevention and treatment of complications and prenatal and intra-partum monitoring should be strengthened.At the same time,it is recommended to limit the number of embryos transferred,which is helpful to reduce the incidence of twin pregnancies and complications after IVF-ET and improve the outcome of mother and child.

表1 IVF-ET术后单胎与自然受孕单胎一般情况、妊娠并发症、合并症及分娩方式比较
表2 IVF-ET术后双胎与自然受孕双胎一般情况、妊娠并发症、合并症及分娩方式比较
表3 IVF-ET术后单、双胎一般情况、妊娠并发症、合并症及分娩方式比较
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