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中华产科急救电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (02) : 98 -103. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3259.2026.02.006

论著

绒毛膜下血肿患者自然流产相关因素及妊娠结局分析
李庄1, 陈慧2, 冀晓慧2, 李飞燕1, 吴斯瑶1, 麦卓瑶2, 郭义红1,()   
  1. 1广东省东莞市妇幼保健院妇产科,广东东莞 523057
    2中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院妇产科,广州 510120
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-03 出版日期:2026-05-18
  • 通信作者: 郭义红

Analysis of factors associated with spontaneous abortion and pregnancy outcomes in patients with subchorionic hematoma

Zhuang Li1, Hui Chen2, Xiaohui Ji2, Feiyan Li1, Siyao Wu1, Zhuoyao Mai2, Yihong Guo1,()   

  1. 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan 523057, China
    2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
  • Received:2025-08-03 Published:2026-05-18
  • Corresponding author: Yihong Guo
引用本文:

李庄, 陈慧, 冀晓慧, 李飞燕, 吴斯瑶, 麦卓瑶, 郭义红. 绒毛膜下血肿患者自然流产相关因素及妊娠结局分析[J/OL]. 中华产科急救电子杂志, 2026, 15(02): 98-103.

Zhuang Li, Hui Chen, Xiaohui Ji, Feiyan Li, Siyao Wu, Zhuoyao Mai, Yihong Guo. Analysis of factors associated with spontaneous abortion and pregnancy outcomes in patients with subchorionic hematoma[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetric Emergency(Electronic Edition), 2026, 15(02): 98-103.

目的

分析绒毛膜下血肿(subchorionic hematoma,SCH)患者发生自然流产的相关因素及妊娠结局。

方法

(1)回顾性分析东莞市妇幼保健院2022年2月至2022年8月就诊的491例SCH患者的临床资料,随访妊娠结局并统计相关数据;(2)根据SCH与孕囊体积占比将491例患者分为三组,SCH与孕囊体积占比<20%者203例(A组),20%~50%者158例(B组),>50%者130例(C组);(3)分析三组患者的血肿出现孕周和持续时间、妊娠结局以及孕产期并发症等。

结果

三组患者SCH的出现孕周分别为(8.51±1.71)周、(7.11±1.30)周和(6.12±1.08)周(P<0.001),持续时间(3.06±1.98)周、(3.64±2.14)周和(4.29±2.79)周(P<0.001),差异有统计学意义;B组患者自然流产的风险是A组患者的2.99倍(95%CI:1.19~7.51,P=0.002),C组患者自然流产的风险是A组患者的7.51倍(95%CI:3.18~17.70,P<0.001),自然流产率随SCH与孕囊体积占比升高显著增加(3.9%与9.5%与22.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);三组患者孕产期并发症发生率(包括子痫前期、胎膜早破、胎盘粘连、产后出血)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);存在宫腔病变(包括子宫内膜息肉、黏膜下肌瘤以及宫腔粘连)的SCH患者发生自然流产的风险是无上述宫腔病变者的3.46倍(95%CI:1.54~7.78,P=0.003);足月产次数每增加一次自然流产风险降低0.43倍(95%CI:0.24~0.77;P=0.004);491例SCH患者中52例(10.59%)发生自然流产,其中25例行绒毛多重连接探针扩增检测,有17例结果异常。

结论

较大的SCH出现孕周更早、持续存在时间更长,随SCH与孕囊体积占比升高,自然流产率显著增加,存在宫腔病变的SCH患者发生自然流产的风险显著增加,既往曾足月分娩的SCH患者发生自然流产的风险显著降低。

Objective

To analyze the related factors and pregnancy outcomes of patients with subchorionic hematoma (SCH) who experienced spontaneous abortion.

Methods

(1) A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 491 patients with SCH who attended Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2022 to August 2022. Pregnancy outcomes were followed up and relevant data were collected. (2) Based on the ratio of SCH volume to gestational sac volume, the 491 patients were divided into three groups: Group A (<20%, n=203), Group B (20%~50%, n=158), and Group C (>50%, n=130). (3) The gestational age at SCH onset, duration of SCH, pregnancy outcomes, and pregnancy complications were analyzed among the three groups.

Results

The gestational age at SCH onset in the three groups was (8.51±1.71) weeks, (7.11±1.30) weeks, and (6.12±1.08) weeks, respectively (P<0.001). The duration of SCH was (3.06±1.98) weeks, (3.64±2.14) weeks, and (4.29±2.79) weeks, respectively (P<0.001), with statistically significant differences. The risk of spontaneous abortion in group B was 2.99 times that in group A (95%CI: 1.19~7.51, P=0.002), and the risk in group C was 7.51 times that in group A (95%CI: 3.18~17.70, P<0.001); The spontaneous abortion rate increased significantly with the increased in the ratio of SCH volume to gestational sac volume (3.9% vs. 9.5% vs. 22.35, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of pregnancy and childbirth complications (including preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, placental adhesion, and postpartum hemorrhage) among the three groups (P>0.05). The risk of spontaneous abortion in SCH patients with intrauterine lesions (including endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids and intrauterine adhesions) was 3.46 times higher than that without such intrauterine lesions (95%CI: 1.54~7.78, P=0.003). The risk of spontaneous abortion decreased by 0.43 times for each additional term delivery (95%CI: 0.24~0.77; P=0.004). Among the 491 SCH patients, 52 (10.59%) experienced spontaneous abortion, of whom 25 underwent multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification testing of chorionic villus. The tests revealed abnormal results in 17 patients.

Conclusions

In conclusion, larger SCHs appears at an earlier gestation age and persists longer. As the ratio of SCH to gestational sac volume increases, the spontaneous abortion rate increases significantly. Patients with SCH and intrauterine lesions have a significantly increased risk of spontaneous abortion, while patients with SCH who have previously delivered at term have a significantly reduced risk.

表1 三组绒毛膜下血肿患者基本情况的比较
表2 三组SCH患者血肿出现及持续时间与妊娠结局的比较
表3 三组绒毛膜下血肿患者妊娠并发症的比较[例(%)]
表4 绒毛膜下血肿患者自然流产的单因素Logistic回归分析
表5 绒毛膜下血肿患者自然流产的多因素Logistic回归分析
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